Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemegang Saham Minoritas

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Oleh:

Tim Hukumindo

Pada kesempatan yang lalu platform www.hukumindo.com telah membahas mengenai "The Police Succeeded in Uncovering The Mode of the Wowon Cs. Murder Case Which Ended up Being a Serial Killer", "Tanggung Jawab Hukum Pemegang Saham" dan "Contoh Akta Pendirian Perseroan Terbatas (PT)", pada perkuliahan kali ini akan dibahas mengenai 'Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemegang Saham Minoritas'.

Kepentingan pemegang saham minoritas mendapatkan perhatian dalam Undang-undang Perseroan Terbatas. Pasal 62 menyebutkan bahwa setiap pemegang saham berhak meminta perseroan untuk membeli sahamnya dengan harga wajar jika tidak menyetujui tindakan direksi perseroan yang dinilainya merugikan pemegang saham atau perseroan.[1] Hal ini berarti setiap pemegang saham dapat  meminta perseroan agar membeli sahamnya (saham minoritas) dengan harga yang wajar.

Jika tindakan direksi berdasarkan arahan atau kebijakan yang diputuskan dalam RUPS yang didukung oleh pemegang saham mayoritas, Pasal 97 ayat 6 Undang-undang No. 40 Tahun 2007 mencantumkan adanya hak pemegang saham atas 10% atau lebih dari total keseluruhan saham untuk menggugat atas nama perseroan dengan biaya perseroan (derivative action) kepada dan dari perseroan untuk menggugat anggota direksi.[2]

Sebagai salah satu bentuk perlindungan hukum yang diberikan oleh undang-undang kepada para pemegang saham, para pemegang saham perseroan tersebut, baik pemegang saham publik dari suatu perseroan yang telah mendaftarkan sahamnya di bursa efek maupun pemegang saham dari perseroan yang tidak terdaftar sahamnya di bursa efek, yang mewakili paling sedikit 1/10 bagian dari jumlah seluruh saham dengan hak suara yang sah dapat mengajukan gugatan ke Pengadilan Negeri terhadap anggota direksi yang karena kesalahan atau kelalaiannya menimbulkan kerugian kepada perseroan.[3] Perlindungan hukumnya dalam hal ini adalah berupa hak untuk menggugat secara perdata ke Pengadilan Negeri terkait.

Ketentuan yang serupa berlaku juga terhadap komisaris sebagaimana ditentukan dalam undang-undang tersebut. Pihak lain yang dapat mengajukan gugatan adalah kreditor, karyawan, atau pihak-pihak lain yang dirugikan sebagai akibat kesalahan anggota direksi atau komisaris.[4] 

____________________

References:

1. "Tanggung Jawab Pemegang Saham, Direksi & Komisaris Perseroan Terbatas (PT)", Frans Satrio Wicaksono, S.H., Visimedia, Jakarta, 2009, Hal.: 116.

2. Ibid. Hal.: 116.

3. Ibid. Hal.: 116.

4. Ibid. Hal.: 116.

The Police Succeeded in Uncovering The Mode of the Wowon Cs. Murder Case Which Ended up Being a Serial Killer

 

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Be Careful Using AI, You Will be in Trouble for Citing Non-existent Jurisprudence", "The Mystery of the 7-Year Death of Akseyna, University of Indonesia Student", you may read also "The Murder Case of Anjani Bee, which is Still a Mystery" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'The police succeeded in uncovering the mode of the Wowon Cs murder case which ended up being a serial killer'.

The Police succeeded in uncovering the mode of the serial killer case by Wowon Erawan (60) and friends. Wowon cs.apparently immediately executed the victims when they were asked for the results of 'doubling the money'. Polda Metro Jaya Dirkrimum Kombes Hengki Haryadi explained that the perpetrators collected funds from the victims with the lure of doubling the money. Some of the victims were migrant workers who had sent money. They were hysterical when they found out that Wowon cs. were in fact the suspects in the serial killings in Bekasi and Cianjur.[1]

The police are still investigating migrant workers who have made money transfer transactions with Wowon. There are TKW (migrant workers) who have sent money to Wowon since several years ago. For information, the suspect Wowon assisted Solihin alias Duloh (63) and Dede Sholehudin alias Dede (34) in carrying out his actions. Dede's job is to collect funds from the migrant workers. Meanwhile, Duloh is a shaman who claims to be able to multiply money. The TKW dared to transfer the money because they were promised that when they returned to Indonesia, they would get a nice house and double the money. The police found funds of up to IDR 1 billion from Dede's account. Dede allegedly collected funds from the victim because the ATM was owned by Wowon. The funds were transferred to an account in the name of Dede Sholehudin. Dede was originally a victim, then he became a suspect in this case.[2]

Not only from the TKW (migrant workers), the total number of victims who were killed, namely 9 people, were still related to Wowon's family. The victims were killed by being given poisoned coffee, strangled, and so on. The victims killed in Bekasi were Ai Maemunah (40), Wowon's wife. Then there are Ridwan and Riswandi who are the children of Ai Maemunah and her ex-husband Didin. Furthermore, the victim who was killed in Cianjur was Noneng, Wowon's father-in-law. Then Wiwin, who is Wowon's first wife and stepdaughter. Plus Bayu as the son of Ai Maemunah and Wowon.[3]

Not only that, Farida, a migrant worker, and Halimah, the wife of 'Siri' Wowon, the mother of Ai Maemunah, were also killed in Bekasi. Furthermore, the victim who was killed and buried in Surabaya was Siti as a migrant worker by being thrown into the sea. It is also known that Siti, a migrant worker, ordered her mother-in-law, Noneng, to push Siti into the sea. Siti and Farida are suspected to be the first victims of the series of killings. Residents of Siti's body were found and buried in Garut.[4] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us then, feel free in 24 hour, we will be happy to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Polisi berhasil mengungkap modus kasus pembunuhan Wowon Cs yang Berakhir Jadi Serial Killer", reskrimum.metro.polri.go.id., Diakses pada tanggal 28 Mei 2023, Link: https://reskrimum.metro.polri.go.id/2023/01/22/polisi-berhasil-mengungkap-modus-kasus-pembunuhan-wowon-cs-yang-berakhir-jadi-serial-killer/

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

Be Careful Using AI, You Will be in Trouble for Citing Non-existent Jurisprudence

 

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "45 Indonesian Citizens Become Victims of Scammer Companies in Laos", "5 Most Bizarre Court Cases in US History", you may read also "5 Interesting Cases that Become the Jurisprudence of the Supreme Court in Indonesia" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Be Careful Using AI, You Will be in Trouble for Citing Non-existent Jurisprudence'.

Lawyer Steven Schwartz of Levidow, Levidow & Oberman has been practicing law for three decades. Now, one case can completely derail his entire career. Why? He relied on ChatGPT in his legal filings and the AI chatbot completely manufactured previous cases, which Schwartz cited, out of thin air.[1]

It all starts with the case in question, Mata v. Avianca. According to the New York Times, an Avianca customer named Roberto Mata was suing the airline after a serving cart injured his knee during a flight. Avianca attempted to get a judge to dismiss the case. In response, Mata's lawyers objected and submitted a brief filled with a slew of similar court decisions in the past. And that's where ChatGPT came in. Schwartz, Mata's lawyer who filed the case in state court and then provided legal research once it was transferred to Manhattan federal court, said he used OpenAI's popular chatbot in order to "supplement" his own findings.[2]

ChatGPT provided Schwartz with multiple names of similar cases: Varghese v. China Southern Airlines, Shaboon v. Egyptair, Petersen v. Iran Air, Martinez v. Delta Airlines, Estate of Durden v. KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, and Miller v. United Airlines. The problem? ChatGPT completely made up all those cases. They do not exist.[3]

Avianca's legal team and the judge assigned to this case soon realized they could not locate any of these court decisions. This led to Schwartz explaining what happened in an affidavit on Thursday. The lawyer had referred to ChatGPT for help with his filing. According to Schwartz, he was "unaware of the possibility that its content could be false.” The lawyer even provided screenshots to the judge of his interactions with ChatGPT, asking the AI chatbot if one of the cases were real. ChatGPT responded that it was. It even confirmed that the cases could be found in "reputable legal databases." Again, none of them could be found because the cases were all created by the chatbot.[4]

It's important to note that ChatGPT, like all AI chatbots, is a language model trained to follow instructions and provide a user with a response to their prompt. That means, if a user asks ChatGPT for information, it could give that user exactly what they're looking for, even if it's not factual. The judge has ordered a hearing next month to "discuss potential sanctions" for Schwartz in response to this “unprecedented circumstance." That circumstance again being a lawyer filing a legal brief using fake court decisions and citations provided to him by ChatGPT.[5] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us then, feel free in 24 hour, we will be happy to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "A lawyer used ChatGPT for legal filing. The chatbot cited nonexistent cases it just made up", www.aol.com., Diakses pada tanggal 28 Mei 2023, Link: https://www.aol.com/lawyer-used-chatgpt-legal-filing-195434452.html

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

45 Indonesian Citizens Become Victims of Scammer Companies in Laos

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "This woman lost IDR 2.38 billion Because of Fraudulent SMS", "How To Report Online Scammer Or Fraud To The Police In Indonesia", you may read also "What's The Difference Between Police Report and Public Complaint?" and on this occasion we will discuss about '45 Indonesian Citizens Become Victims of Scammer Companies in Laos'.

As many as 45 Indonesian citizens (WNI) are reported to have become victims of online scamming companies in Laos. The Indonesian Embassy in Vientiane also urged local authorities to follow up on the case. The Director for the Protection of Indonesian Citizens and Legal Entities at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Judha Nugraha, said the Indonesian Embassy in Vientiane received a complaint from an Indonesian citizen with the initials MNH who claimed to have left a scamming company in Laos with dozens of other Indonesian citizens. They became victims of the company, where they were asked to work as online scammers with their passports being held by the company.[1]

"On Wednesday, 24 May 2023 afternoon, the Indonesian Embassy in Vientiane received a complaint from Brother MNH who stated that 45 Indonesian citizens including himself had left the company where they worked as online scammers in the Golden Triangle Special Economic Zone. Their passports were being held by the company," said the company. Judha in his statement, Friday (26/5). Judha also said that the Indonesian Embassy in Vientiane immediately followed up on the complaint by sending a request for assistance with picking up passports to the Lao police who were in Bokeo the next day. "The Bokeo Police have met Mr MNH and 7 other Indonesian citizens to ask for their statements and take their photos. The Indonesian Embassy in Vientiene continues to monitor the progress of the investigation process and law enforcement steps taken by the Bokeo Police," he said.[2]

Judha said that until now there were at least 29 cases of Indonesian citizens being handled by the local Police. The Indonesian Embassy in Vientiane always "monitors and encourages local authorities to follow up on cases" that befell Indonesian citizens in accordance with applicable legal procedures. Previously, a viral video on social media showed a group of Indonesian citizens claiming to be stranded in Laos because their passports were being held by a company. The narrator of the video said he and the Indonesian citizens had been stranded for four days in the foreign country because their passports had not been returned.[3] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us then, feel free in 24 hour, we will be happy to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "45 WNI Jadi Korban Perusahaan Scammer, KBRI Laos Desak Tindak Lanjut", www.cnnindonesia.com., Diakses pada tanggal 28 Mei 2023, Link:  https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20230526204255-106-954603/45-wni-jadi-korban-perusahaan-scammer-kbri-laos-desak-tindak-lanjut

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

 

This woman lost IDR 2.38 billion Because of Fraudulent SMS

 

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Personal Data Must Be Safeguarded To Keep Bank Accounts Safe", "Chronology of Indosurya Fraud Cases, The Largest Losses in Indonesia!", "How to Open a Police Report in Indonesia?" you may read also "How To Report Online Scammer Or Fraud To The Police In Indonesia" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'This woman lost IDR 2.38 billion Because of Fraudulent SMS'.

A woman becomes the victim of a bank account 'burglary'. This was experienced by Deborah Moss, a catering entrepreneur in California, who lost up to US$ 160 thousand or the equivalent to IDR. 2.38 billion (assuming an exchange rate of IDR. 14,900/1 US $). Deborah became a victim of account breaches when she received an SMS from a number claiming to be the bank informing her about a monthly debit card fee of US$ 35 per month.[1]

At first he ignored the short message. Until finally he got a call from someone who claimed to be an employee of Chase Bank, the place where he kept the money. Deborah said the employee claimed to be Barbara. Then Barbara said there was an allegation of fraud committed by Deborah. Therefore Barbara asked for Deborah's personal data for verification. Then Deborah was asked to read out the number that came in through a short message. "I obeyed and mentioned the numbers. He said thank you," he said.[2]

Every day of the week, Barbara kept calling Deborah and saying there was a problem with the delivery of the card. Deborah is always asked to mention the numbers that come through her SMS. Until then Deborah went to the nearest branch office. Then the bank employee at the office said that his account had been drained of up to US$ 160,000. "All my money is gone, the 12 years of savings that I collected are gone," he said.[3]

The incident experienced by Deborah is also experienced by many Americans. The government even noted that the loss from this account breach reached US$ 8.8 billion in 2022, up 30% compared to the previous year. Deborah has reported the matter to the Police and is hoping to get her money back. But his hopes were dashed when the bank rejected his claim. Chase Bank said that during its investigation, the bank did not find Deborah's protection efforts for her own account. The bank said that there would be no refund, because the bank considered that it was pure Deborah's negligence. Deborah was devastated to hear the news. "My world feels shattered," he said.[4]

JPMorgan Chase provided a response to this case, they said that Deborah's bank account was compromised by scammers and the fraudster managed to get other confidential information. Chase Bank said they had contacted Deborah via phone and email regarding the transfer. However, Deborah admitted that she never received any message from the bank.[5] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us then, feel free in 24 hour, we will be happy to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Ngeri! Gara-gara SMS, Wanita Ini Kehilangan Duitnya Rp 2,38 M", finance.detik.com., Sylke Febrina Laucereno - detikFinance, Sabtu, 27 Mei 2023, Diakses pada tanggal 28 Mei 2023, Link: https://finance.detik.com/moneter/d-6742264/ngeri-gara-gara-sms-wanita-ini-kehilangan-duitnya-rp-238-m.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

Personal Data Must Be Safeguarded To Keep Bank Accounts Safe

 

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Contoh Surat Permohonan Pembatalan Nikah Muslim", "How to Open a Police Report in Indonesia?", you may read also "How To Report Online Scammer Or Fraud To The Police In Indonesia" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Personal Data Must Be Safeguarded To Keep Bank Accounts Safe'.

A number of cases of personal data hacking are still occurring and affecting the banking sector in Indonesia. Therefore, customers must also be able to protect their data so that there are no gaps for irresponsible parties to break into it. This is because personal data is the responsibility of the customer. Although in principle all bank activities are overseen by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI). The bank must run the service carefully.[1]

However, customer data breaches still occur. Many factors become triggers, both from the banking system and from customers. However, so far the breach of customer data is generally caused more by the negligence of the customer himself. Executive Director of the Segara Research Institute Piter Abdullah admitted that customer data breaches have so far been generally caused by customer negligence, especially in maintaining the confidentiality of personal data in the form of identities, passbooks, PINs and other personal data. According to him, the low literacy of the Indonesian people is one of the main factors causing the high level of customer data leakage. Of course this should be of particular concern to regulators.[2]

He revealed that the public as customers must also be wiser and more careful in using social media, especially when it comes to banking because it can trigger public distrust of banks. Meanwhile, Banking Observer Paul Sutaryono added, the role of the OJK is very much needed in encouraging literacy, education and outreach to the Indonesian public regarding data confidentiality. Thus, the level of financial literacy of the community will be higher. These efforts will be able to reduce the potential risk of financial cases such as banks and other financial institutions that are vulnerable to data breaches.[3]

"OJK, as the highest regulator of the financial services sector, should continue to provide education and outreach about finance. This can contain both honey (benefits) and poison (risk potential) of banking products and services," added Paul. However, this returns to the customers themselves. Customers must fully understand the risks that occur if they are negligent in using banking services. "Don't forget that customers or consumers must also continue to study and maintain the security of personal data related to banking products and services that they have. This data can be in the form of ATMs, savings books, account numbers, KTP numbers, names of biological mothers. All of this is very useful for preventing fraud. potential risk of fraud that can be detrimental to banks and customers," he said.[4] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us then, feel free in 24 hour, we will be happy to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Data Pribadi Wajib Dijaga Supaya Rekening Tetap Aman", finance.detik.com., Minggu, 19 Mar 2023 22:45 WIB, Diakses pada tanggal 28 Mei 2023, Link: https://finance.detik.com/moneter/d-6627710/data-pribadi-wajib-dijaga-supaya-rekening-tetap-aman.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.