Rabu, 16 Februari 2022

Luxury Car Owner Sues Neighbor To The Court For Cat Scratches

(iStock)

By:
Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the Hukumindo.com platform has talk about "What Next After The Police Report Is Accomplish?", read also "I Have a Contract Whose Goods Have Not Been Delivered, How Do I Sue Under Indonesian Law?", and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Luxury Car Owner Sues Neighbor To The Court For Cat Scratches'. This article is entirely quoted from the Thai online media "Thetiger.com" with the title: 'Cat sits on sports car, owner demands 100,000 baht to pay for scratches', as quoted in the reference at the end of the article.

The owner of a luxury sports car has reportedly filed a lawsuit against their neighbor claiming 100,000 bath (equal to US $ 3.090 or Rp. 44.080.197,70) in damages after a cat climbed and sat on top of their black and yellow Lotus sports car, causing some scratches. The story was widely shared in Thailand and the latest reports say the owner has since apologized, adding that he doesn’t want the money.

The cat owner posted a video on TikTok saying her neighbor demanded compensation for letting a “fierce or wild animal” out in public and causing damage to others’ assets or property. She added that she is willing to pay to fix up the scratches caused by her cat, but at a reasonable price.

The neighbors have been trying to come to an agreement for a while. Reports say the incident happened back in October 2020 when a child accidentally let their cat out of the house. That afternoon, the car owner sent the neighbors a video of their pet sitting on the sports car. Video from a home surveillance camera shows the cat sitting on top of the black and yellow sports car.

She and the family visited the house to check out the damage on the cars and say they only saw dirt from the cat’s paws. The neighbor insisted that all of the scratches came from her cat and asked for compensation at 100,000 baht adding that the price was officially estimated.

She shared with Thai media that her family have been trying to come to an agreement with the neighbor. She already paid a fine of 500 baht at a Police station for letting a pet out to the public alone and has gone to court twice. Apparently, the neighbor has never shown up in court and has continued to go to their house asking for money. And if you intend to sue a person or company due to a legal problem, contact us, feel free in 24 hours, we will be glad to help you.


*) For further information please contact:
Mahmud Kusuma Advocate
Law Office
Jakarta - Indonesia.
E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com
________________
Reference:

1. "Cat sits on sports car, owner demands 100,000 baht to pay for scratches", thethaiger.com., Diakses pada tanggal 16 Februari 2022, https://thethaiger.com/news/national/cat-sits-on-sports-car-owner-demands-100000-baht-to-pay-for-scratches

Selasa, 15 Februari 2022

What Next After The Police Report Is Accomplish?

(iStock)

By:
Team of Hukumindo


Governing Law On Police Report

Article 1 Law Number: 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code ("KUHAP") provides a definition of the Report as follows: "Report is a notification submitted by a person who, because of his rights or obligations under the law, to an authorized official regarding, has or is currently or is suspected of having a criminal event." Those who have the right to submit reports are people who have experienced, seen, witnessed or become victims of events that constitute criminal acts, either orally or in writing.[1]

In relation to this article, then your position as a foreigner who is in Indonesia is as a victim of a crime committed by someone else against you. Procedural law (Law Number: 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code ("KUHAP")) in Indonesia protects you by providing you with the right to report a crime you have experienced to the relevant Police institution.[2] Thus, basically everyone who experiences, sees, witnesses or even becomes a victim of a crime, has the right to report the crime to the Police.

What Next After The Police Report Is Accomplish?

After your Police report is received by the Police Officer at the relevant Police Station in Indonesia, then as proof of the report, the Police officer will provide a Police Report receipt. For more details regarding this matter, please read our article entitled: "The Example of Official Police Report Receipt in Indonesia". This proves that the criminal incident report that you report to the Police will be handled immediately.

After the Police report was completed, the due process of law had just begun. The Police will then carry out the Penyelidikan (researchand Penyidikan (investigation) process. What is meant by the process of Penyelidikan (research) and Penyidikan (investigation)?

Article 1 paragraph 5 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) reads as follows:[3]
"Penyelidikan (research) is a series of investigators' actions to seek and find an event that is suspected of being a criminal act in order to determine whether or not an investigation can be carried out according to the method regulated in this law."

Article 1 paragraph 2 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) reads as follows:[4]
"Penyidikan (investigation) is a series of actions by an investigator in terms of and according to the method regulated in this law to seek and collect evidence which with that evidence makes clear about the criminal act that occurred and in order to find the suspect".

In simple terms what is meant by Penyelidikan (research) is the process carried out by the Police to determine whether an incident can be investigated or not. After an event meets the requirements for an Penyelidikan (research), it is then upgraded to an Penyidikan (investigation) process, with the aim of collecting evidences and finding the crime suspect. And if you have any difficulties regarding this topic, contact us, feel free in 24 hours, we will be glad to help you.


*) For further information please contact:
Mahmud Kusuma Advocate
Law Office
Jakarta - Indonesia.
E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com
________________
References:

1. "How to Open a Police Report in Indonesia?", www.hukumindo.com., Diakses pada tanggal 15 Februari 2022, https://www.hukumindo.com/2021/10/how-to-open-police-report-in-indonesia.html
2. Ibid.
3. Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP);
4. Ibid.

Jumat, 11 Februari 2022

Some Tips Before You Choose an Attorneys

(Newonvinyl)

By:
Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the Hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Variety of Fees When You Hired an Attorneys in Indonesia", read also "How To Check The Validity of Indonesian Advocates?", "What Legal Ties Underlie The Relationship Between The Client and The Lawyer?", and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Some Tips Before You Choose an Attorneys'.

Choosing a lawyer to take care of your legal problems can be tricky. This is due to the relatively large stock of lawyers in Indonesia, especially in big cities like Jakarta. There is even a joke that there are more lawyers' offices in Jakarta's economic center triangle (Sudirman-Kuningan-Thamrin) than tire repairmen. In choosing a lawyer, here are some tips from the Hukumindo.com platform.

Check His/Her Validity As an Advocate

The profession of advocate in Indonesia is regulated in Law Number: 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates. In Indonesia, advocate is defined as: "Advocate is a person whose profession is to provide legal services, both inside and outside the court, who meet the requirements and based on the provisions of the Law on Advocates".[1]

Based on the provisions of Articles 2 and 3 of Law Number: 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates, there are several legal products related to proving someone as an advocate:[2]
  1. Letter of Appointment as an Advocate (Issued by advocate organization); and
  2. Certificate of Oath as an Advocate (Issued by Head of the relevant Provincial High Court);
  3. Advocate membership card (Issued by advocate organization).
When you are in Indonesia and have the intention to use legal services through an advocate, it is very important to choose a legally-valid lawyer. Checking the advocate validity you will choose becomes a necessary so that there will be no losses occur in the future. So, its alright to ask your advocate about their validity such as: (a). Letter of Appointment as an Advocate, (b). Certificate of Oath as an Advocate and (c). Advocate membership card, for your safety.[3] This is done to ensure that the person you choose is legally valid to carry out the profession as an advocate. The benefit is that you will avoid the practice of middlemen and professional fraud.

Check Your Legal Issue

First, check the weight of the legal problem you are facing. If you are facing a death penalty charge for drug smuggling, then you are in serious legal trouble. When compared to previous legal issues, the charges for corruption that are stalking you will feel lighter. Or maybe you are being stalked with a bankruptcy lawsuit that strips you of all your assets, it feel lighter than the previous one. Or maybe you are facing family problems because your spouse wants a divorce and take away all your children? It feel lighter than the last.

Of course you know how heavy or light a legal problem you are facing, but when you choose a lawyer to assist you in solving this legal problem, this grade of 'weight' problem will determine.

Check His/Her Core Competent

Advocates in Indonesia are commonly generalists. They handle almost all cases, from criminal to civil. It would be better if you choose an advocate who has a core competent. Such advocates will more easily understand your legal problems and offer solutions that have become their daily food when practicing. 

In Indonesia, advocates have started to pioneer the specificity of their profession, some focusing on bankruptcy, corruption, civil litigation, family law, sharia economic, company law, intellectual property rights and so on. 

Check His/Her Flight Hours

Check how long he has been appointed as an advocate. Even further, check since when he has been in the world of legal services. Has he ever organized while he was a student? Or had he had an apprenticeship before being appointed as a lawyer? 

The longer he/she is in the world of lawyers, the better his flying hours will be. Check where he/she used to work to gain knowledge, law offices where he/she worked previously will shape his/her character and flying hours. And of course, asked what cases he/she had handled mostly, the more cases he/she handled certain similar cases, the better his/her competence would be.

Check His/Her Reputation

You can find complete information about the lawyer you will hire by using technology online or by calling your local bar association. Currently, with the massive internet, you can find initial information about the advocate you will hire on the Internet, from bio data, alma mater, cases he has handled, and so on. Or you can ask the reputation of a lawyer, if you get a certain recommendation from someone else, by asking to that person. 

Meet Your Candidate

This is the last tip from us, meet your prospective lawyer. Feel the chemistry. Feel the aura. By meeting, potential advocates can also assess your seriousness in hiring them. You can also judge many things from your potential advocate.

Meet, there's nothing wrong with having coffee and chatting with potential advocates and potential clients. If you have chemistry, then of course it will be followed by the signing of a power of attorney and a legal service agreement. After that, lets run the case.

You can add other things such as the price, the outfit he wears, or other things that are important to you. But in our opinion, the things above are quite important for you to pay attention to. Check the things above before you sign the power of attorney and legal service agreement. And if you have any issue with this topic, contact us, feel free in 24 hours, we will be glad to help you.


*) For further information please contact:
Mahmud Kusuma Advocate
Law Office
Jakarta - Indonesia.
E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com
_________________

References:

1. "How To Check The Validity of Indonesian Advocates?", www.hukumindo.com., Diakses pada tanggal 10 Februari 2022, https://www.hukumindo.com/2021/10/how-to-check-validity-of-indonesian.html
2. Ibid. 
3. Ibid.

Kamis, 10 Februari 2022

Variety of Fees When You Hired an Attorneys in Indonesia

(iStock)

By:
Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the Hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Adoption According to the Sharia Law", read also "How To Check The Validity of Indonesian Advocates?", "What Legal Ties Underlie The Relationship Between The Client and The Lawyer?", and on this occasion we will discuss about ''Variety of Fees When You Hired an Attorneys in Indonesia".

When you decide to hire an advocate, one of the logical consequences is the cost. Advocates is not Marvel Super Heroes with free services to battle the crime, an advocate is a professional, this profession works to resolve any of the legal matters that you are currently facing. And in carrying out its work requires energy, and energy incurs costs. In this article, we will discuss the various types of advocate fees, the various factors that influence the level of attorney fees and the payment scheme method.

There Are No Fixed Standards Regarding Attorneys Fees in Indonesia

Article 21 paragraph (2) of Law no. 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates reads as follows:[1]
"1. Advocates are entitled to receive an honorarium for legal services that have been provided to their clients.
2. The amount of the Honorarium for Legal Services as referred to in paragraph (1) is determined fairly based on the agreement of both parties".

Thus, when an advocate carries out his profession, he has the right to receive an honorarium from his client. Regarding the amount of honorarium received by an advocate, it depends on the agreement with his/her client. In other words, the amount of the attorneys honorarium is different from one to another. It is no standard, and depends on various variables. So don't be surprised when you see advocate X who is full of wealth, but there are also advocates who are willing to donate their profession for justice and humanity who get little pay.

There are several factors that influence the high and low fees of an advocate, namely:[2]
  1. Lawyer's name. This has become one of the common factors in using the services of an advocate. The more famous the name of the lawyer you will use, the more expensive the fees you will have to pay to hire the services of the advocate.
  2. Legal issues. The second thing that determines the cost of services is how big the legal problem you are facing. If you are hit by a complicated case, the tariffs charged will be even more expensive.
  3. The area or residence of the attorney. Even though they are taking care of the same case, sometimes the fees for attorneys who are domiciled in city X can be more expensive than those in city Y. This is not something strange, because advocates generally also assess the average standard of living in the place where they live.
  4. Client condition. In addition to residence, lawyers will also determine fees or rates based on the financial condition of their prospective clients. No need to worry, because there are several lawyers who are willing to provide free legal aid services for people who are really financially incapable.
  5. Lawyer flight hours. The last factor that also determines the cost of the services of an advocate is their flying hours. If a lawyer is experienced in handling many cases, of course their rates will be even more expensive.

Just a note, in the opinion of the author, the client must really carefully examine the need for an advocate who will handle his/her case. Don't just consider the name, also consider the competence and flight hours. Lawyer X, for example, often appears on TV with accessories worth billions, and declares himself to be a specialist lawyer in the field of Y. Although not always, but not necessarily he is competent in other fields of law, or at least someone is more competent in other fields. In this condition, you can choose another lawyer with a variety of rates that are more suitable for your pocket.

Variety of Attorneys Fees in Indonesia

There are several types of advocate fees in Indonesia:[3]
  1. Lawyer fees, which are usually paid in advance as a professional fee.
  2. Operational fees, which are incurred by clients while their cases are handled by lawyers.
  3. Success fee, with a percentage determined from the agreement between the lawyer and the client. The success fee is given by the client if the lawyer wins the case. However, if you lose the trial, the lawyer will not get a success fee.

As mentioned above, these three types of attorney fees are the most common. Lawyer fees are fees that must be paid by clients related to the profession of their attorney as an advocate. So when someone is legally qualified as an advocate, then he or she is legally entitled to get a lawyer fee immediately after having a client. Operational fees are costs that have to be incurred by the client when the lawyer moves to take care of his/her case, the cost to buy gasoline, the cost to buy drink and food, the cost to buy internet connection, toll fees, the cost of printing documents, etc. is included in it. Success fee is a cost that must be paid by the client when the case handled by the lawyer he/she has appointed results in a victory. The rate varies, it can be at 10% of the total assets obtained. For example, if a person gets a share of joint property from his marriage of 1 billion Rupiah, then his successful lawyer fee could be 10%, which is 100 million Rupiah.

As for the payment procedure, it is usually divided into several schemes, namely: 1. Volume, payments made include the total number of legal problems that will be or are being faced by the Client; 2. Hourly basis, that is, a payment procedure whose calculation is depend on how long the case is handled, for example based on hours; 3. Amount won, usually advocates like this handle for clients who do not have the cost to pay for the services of an advocate at the beginning, so that according to the agreement they will give a percentage of the amount generated from handling cases that have been properly resolved by advocates (Note: this method of payment is rare to used right now because it is detrimental to advocates from a professional perspective. Later, many directed it to the Legal Aid Institute as a solution); 4. Retainer clients, this mechanism is widely used by companies where the use of legal services uses a payment system on a regular basis, usually within a period of 6 months or even more; 5. Legal Aid Institutions (Lembaga Bantuan Hukum), usually provide assistance free of charge, of course for those who have a below average economy with various requirements that must be met. Usually one of the requirements that must be met is a certificate of poor economical incapacity from the Village Head or Sub District Head.[4] 

And if you have any difficulties regarding this topic, contact us, feel free in 24 hours, we will be glad to help you.


*) For further information please contact:
Mahmud Kusuma Advocate
Law Office
Jakarta - Indonesia.
E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________
References:

1. Law no. 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates.
2. "Info Terbaru Kisaran Biaya Sewa Pengacara (Advokat)", harga.web.id., Diakses pada tanggal 10 Februari 2022, https://harga.web.id/biaya-sewa-pengacara-dan-metode-pembayarannya.info
3. "CARA MUDAH MENGHITUNG BIAYA JASA PENGACARA/ADVOKAT/KONSULTAN HUKUM", www.saplaw.top., Diakses pada tanggal 10 Februari 2022, https://www.saplaw.top/cara-mudah-menghitung-biaya-jasa-pengacara-advokat-konsultan-hukum/
4. Ibid.

Senin, 07 Februari 2022

Adoption According to the Sharia Law

(iStock)

By:
Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the Hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Is it Possible to Open a Police Report in Indonesia By Hiring Authorized Attorney?", read also "How To Legally Adopt a Child in Indonesia?", and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Adoption According to the Sharia Law'.

Adoption According to Legal Term

According to the online Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), adoption is: 1. the adoption of another person's child as one's own; 2. Acceptance of a proposal or report (eg. in the legislative process); 3. Collection.[1] Meanwhile, according to the Pontianak City Population and Civil Registry Service, the definition of adoption is a legal act to transfer a child's rights from the family environment of the parents, legal guardians, or other people who are responsible for the care, education & rearing of the child, into the family environment of the adoptive parents. based on the Court's decision.[2] In simple terms, adoption here is defined as the legal adoption of a child through the application process in the relevant district Court.

Governing Law on Adoption in Indonesia

There are several legal grounds for adoption in Indonesia:[3]
  1. Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection.
  2. Government Regulation No. 54 of 2007 concerning the Implementation of Child Adoption.
  3. Regulation of the Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 110/HUK/2009 concerning Requirements for Adoption of Children.
  4. General Regulation of Social Rehabilitation Number 02 of 2012 concerning Technical Guidelines for Child Adoption Procedures.

Types of Child Adoption in Indonesia

Child adoption in Indonesia consists of two types, namely:[4]
  1. Adoption of Children Between Indonesian Citizens (Domestic Adoption).
  2. Child Adoption Between Foreign Citizens (Inter-country Adoption).

Adoption of children among Indonesian citizens is the adoption of Indonesian children carried out by Indonesian citizens (Domestic Adoption) consisting of:[5]
  1. Adoption of children among Indonesian citizens through institutions. The adoption of this child includes the adoption of children indirectly, and usually through a foundation or institution that has been appointed by the Governor.
  2. Adoption of children according to customary law. Adoption of children according to customary law is the adoption of children carried out according to customs in a certain family environment and relatives.
  3. Direct Child Adoption (Privat Adoption). Private adoption is carried out between prospective adoptive parents and their biological parents/guardians/relatives in court, by attaching requirements for adoption and recommendations from provincial social agencies. Therefore, prospective adoptive parents must make an application to the Head of the local Provincial Social Service/Agency in order to obtain a recommendation for adoption, and the social worker of the Provincial Social Service/Agency must make a home visit to prospective adoptive parents to get an idea of ​​whether prospective adoptive parents is worthy of the recommendation.
  4. Adoption of Children by Single Parent (Single Parent). Adoption of a child by a single parent is the adoption of a child by an Indonesian citizen against a child of an Indonesian citizen where the prospective adoptive parent has the status of a single parent.

Adoption of a child between an Indonesian citizen and a foreign citizen is the adoption of a child by a foreign citizen against a child of an Indonesian citizen or the adoption of a child of a foreign citizen by an Indonesian citizen, which is divided into:[6]
  1. Prospective adoptive parents are husband and wife of foreign nationals.
  2. One of the prospective adoptive parents of a foreign citizen (mixed marriage).

Adoption According to the Sharia Law

Recently we received a question regarding someone who wants to adopt an Indonesian child, only now he is a citizen of country X whose country adheres to sharia law. Therefore, we will briefly review the adoption according to sharia law. 

The former president of the Islamic Society of North America Muzammil H. Siddiqi explained about the adoption law in Islam. "Adoption in the sense of changing one's identity and lineage to a false lineage is prohibited in Islam," he said.[7] This means that adoption according to positive Indonesian law and Sharia law is different. In the sense that both have different meanings and provisions regarding this matter. Adoption in the sense of changing the biological origin of the child from the origin of the original parents to the origin of the adoptive parents is prohibited in Islamic law.

Legal Basis on Sharia Law

Then, what is meant by adoption according to Islamic law? A Muslim is allowed to adopt a child in the sense of nurturing a child to provide physical and spiritual care for him. The Prophet SAW said, "I and the guardian of the orphan will be in Paradise like these two fingers and he will join his two fingers together," (Al-Bukhari). In another hadith, he mentions "When a person puts his hand of affection on the head of an orphan, for every hair of the orphan he will receive a blessing from Allah," (Ahmad).[8]

Allah said, “Allah has never made for a person two hearts in his cavity; and He did not make your wives whom you rebuke as your mothers, and He did not make your adopted children as your biological children (self). That is just what you say in your mouth. And Allah tells the truth and He shows the (right) way. Call them (adopted children) by (using) the names of their fathers; that is more just in the sight of Allah, and if you do not know their fathers, then (call them) your brothers and sisters in your religion and your 'maula' (Maula can have reciprocal meanings such as master or slave, patron or client, uncle or nephew, and friend.). And there is no sin on you in what you err in, but (in which there is a sin) what your heart intends. And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful” (Al-Ahzab 33: 4-5). Muzzammil strongly recommends that Muslims take care of orphans. Regarding adoption, he said according to sharia, it is not permissible to take the name of his biological parents from a child.[9]

Thus, the meaning of appropriate adoption according to sharia law is 'fostering only' without changing the biological origin of the child. And if you have any difficulties conducting adoption in Indonesia, contact us, feel free in 24 hours, we will be glad to help you.


*) For further information please contact:
Mahmud Kusuma Advocate
Law Office
Jakarta - Indonesia.
E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________
References:

1. "Adopsi", kbbi.web.id., Diakses pada tanggal 7 Februari 2022, https://kbbi.web.id/adopsi.
2. "Adopsi", disdukcapil.pontianakkota.go.id., Diakses pada tanggal 7 Februari 2022, https://disdukcapil.pontianakkota.go.id/page/adopsi--pengangkatan-anak#:~:text=Perbuatan%20hukum%20untuk%20mengalihkan%20hak,orangtua%20angkatnya%20berdasarkan%20penetapan%20Pengadilan.
3. "Prosedur Pengangkatan Anak Domestik oleh Warga Negara Indonesia", sayapibujakarta.org., Diakses pada tanggal 7 Februari 2022, http://sayapibujakarta.org/prosedur-pengangkatan-anak-domestik-oleh-warga-negara-indonesia/#:~:text=HUKUM%20PENGANGKATAN%20ANAK-,Dasar%20Hukum%20Pengangkatan%20Anak,2009%20tentang%20Persyaratan%20Pengangkatan%20Anak.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. "Hukum Adopsi dalam Islam", Sabtu 28 Nov 2020, republika.co.id., Diakses pada tanggal 7 Februari 2022, https://republika.co.id/berita/qkfxak366/hukum-adopsi-dalam-islam
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.

Sabtu, 05 Februari 2022

Is it Possible to Open a Police Report in Indonesia By Hiring Authorized Attorney?

(iStock)

By:
Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the Hukumindo.com platform has talk about "The Example of Official Police Report Receipt in Indonesia", read also "How to Open a Police Report in Indonesia?", "What's The Difference Between Police Report and Public Complaint?". And on this occasion we will discuss about 'Is it Possible to Open a Police Report in Indonesia By Hiring Authorized Attorney?'.

Governing Law On Police Report

Article 1 Law Number: 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code ("KUHAP") provides a definition of the Report as follows: "Report is a notification submitted by a person who, because of his rights or obligations under the law, to an authorized official regarding, has or is currently or is suspected of having a criminal event." Those who have the right to submit reports are people who have experienced, seen, witnessed or become victims of events that constitute criminal acts, either orally or in writing.[1]

In relation to this article, then your position as a foreigner who is in Indonesia is as a victim of a crime committed by someone else against you. Procedural law (Law Number: 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code ("KUHAP")) in Indonesia protects you by providing you with the right to report a crime you have experienced to the relevant Police institution.[2] Thus, basically everyone who experiences, sees, witnesses or even becomes a victim of a crime, has the right to report the crime to the Police.

Governing Law on Power of Attorney According to the Civil Code

Article 1792 of the Civil Code reads as follows:[3]
"The granting of power of attorney is an agreement that contains the granting of power to another person who receives it to do something on behalf of the person giving the power of attorney".

The granting of power of attorney is a legal act that originates from an agreement that we often do in our daily lives, for various reasons, in addition to our daily activities as members of a modern society, so that the act of giving or receiving power, needs to be done to solve one or more specific problems. In the provision of power of attorney, there must always be at least 2 (two) parties who are the giver and recipient of the power of attorney, considering that the granting of power is a legal agreement, so for the sake of creating a legal order, the power of attorney must be an adult and legally capable as stipulated in Article 1330 of the Civil Code.[4]

Based on the provisions of Article 1792 of the Civil Code above, some legal matters that are being faced by a person may be delegated to another person based on power of attorney who is an adult and legally capable, including opening a police report. 

Governing Law on Advocates

As stipulated in the law above, an advocate is the one who professionally capable of representing his client for certain matters, including opening a Police Report (LP). Based on Law Number: 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates, legal term of an advocates is "a person whose profession is to provide legal services, both inside and outside the court, who meet the requirements and based on the provisions of the Law on Advocates".[5]

Make sure that the advocate you appoint based on power of attorney is a legitimate lawyer and practicing legally. Pay attention to the provisions of Articles 2 and 3 of Law Number: 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates, there are several legal products related to proving someone as an advocate:[6]
  1. Letter of Appointment as an Advocate (Issued by advocate organization); and
  2. Certificate of Oath as an Advocate (Issued by Head of the relevant Provincial High Court);
  3. Advocate membership card (Issued by advocate organization).

Therefore, the questions above have been answered regarding: "Is it Possible to Open a Police Report in Indonesia By Hiring Authorized Attorney?" The answer is yes. It is allowed by law to appoint an advocate as legal representative to open a Police Report in relevant Police Station in Indonesia. And if you have any difficulties regarding this topic, contact us, feel free in 24 hours, we will be glad to help you.


*) For further information please contact:
Mahmud Kusuma Advocate
Law Office
Jakarta - Indonesia.
E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com
________________
References:

1. "How to Open a Police Report in Indonesia?", www.hukumindo.com., Diakses pada tanggal 5 Februari 2022, https://www.hukumindo.com/2021/10/how-to-open-police-report-in-indonesia.html
2. Ibid.
3. Civil Code.
4. "Mengenal Aturan Pemberian Kuasa Menurut KUH Perdata", www.pphbi.com., Diakses pada tanggal 5 Februari 2022, https://www.pphbi.com/mengenal-aturan-pemberian-kuasa-menurut-kuh-perdata/
5. Law Number: 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates.
6. "How To Check The Validity of Indonesian Advocates?", www.hukumindo.com., Diakses pada tanggal 5 Februari 2022, https://www.hukumindo.com/2021/10/how-to-check-validity-of-indonesian.html

Senin, 31 Januari 2022

The Difference Between Default and Unlawful Act in Indonesia

(iStockphoto)

By:
Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the Hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Translated Personal Pleidoi of Nurdin Abdullah (Former Governor of South Sulawesi)", "How to Avoid Fraud in Investment by Using Legal Tools", read also "I Have a Contract Whose Goods Have Not Been Delivered, How Do I Sue Under Indonesian Law?" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'The Difference Between Default and Unlawful Act in Indonesia'.

In the event of a violation of rights that causes harm, a person sometimes experiences confusion regarding what category of violation he experienced between default and unlawful act. In fact, there is a very basic difference between default and unlawful act.[1] On this occasion, the Hukumindo.com platform will discuss the basic differences between default and acts against the law, both examining legal sources and the basic differences in terminology.

Governing Law

Default is regulated in Article 1243 of the Civil Code which reads as follows:[2]
"Reimbursement of costs, losses and interest due to non-fulfillment of an engagement begins to be required if the debtor, even though it has been declared negligent, is negligent in fulfilling the engagement, or if something that must be given or done can only be given or done within the time that has been passed. determined."

A person can be said in default, if that person (the debtor) does not do what he promised or he violates the agreement, and the default of a debtor consists of four types, namely:[3]
  1. Not doing what it was promised to do;
  2. Carry out what he promised, but not as promised;
  3. Did what he promised but was too late;
  4. Doing something that according to the agreement cannot be done.
Unlawful Acts are regulated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code which reads as follows:[4]
"Every act that violates the law and causes harm to others, obliges the person who caused the loss because of his fault to replace the loss."
Based on the above definition and Indonesian jurisprudence, unlawful act is an act that meets the following criteria:[5]
  1. Contrary to the legal obligations of the perpetrator; or
  2. Violating the subjective rights of others; or
  3. Violating the rules of etiquette; or
  4. Contrary to the principles of propriety, thoroughness and caution that a person should have in association with fellow citizens or against other people's property.

Legal Term

According to Prof. Subekti, Default occurs if one of the parties in the agreement does not carry out the agreement, carries out what was promised but did not do it properly, carried out what was promised but was late, and did something that according to the agreement should not be done. Then according to J. Satrio, argues that Default is a condition where the debtor does not fulfill his promise or does not fulfill it properly and all of them can be blamed on him. There is no Default if there is no prior agreement.[6]

According to Rosa Agustina, in her book "Act Against the Law", in determining that an act can be qualified as against the law, 4 conditions are needed: a. Contrary to the legal obligations of the perpetrator; b. Contrary to the subjective rights of others; c. Against decency; d. Contrary to propriety, thoroughness and prudence.[7] According to the authors, this terminology paraphrases elements of Article 1365 of the Civil Code.

M.A. Moegni Djojodirdjo in his book entitled “Act Against the Law”, argues that default and unlawful act have differences in the burden of proof, calculation of losses, and the form of compensation. In a lawsuit against the law, the plaintiff must prove all the elements of the unlawful act in addition to being able to prove the existence of mistakes made by the debtor. Whereas in a breach of contract, it is sufficient for the plaintiff to show that there is a breach of contract or an agreement that has been violated, it is very important to consider whether someone will file a claim for compensation due to default or because of an unlawful act. [8] 

If you are a creditor who has bad debts or unpaid bills, or you are a victim of an unlawful act from another person that causes harm to you, then contact us, we will prepare a lawsuit for your legal interests, feel free in 24 hours, we will be glad to help you. 


*) For further information please contact us:
Mahmud Kusuma Advocate
Law Office
Jakarta - Indonesia.
E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com
_________________
References:

1. "Perbedaan Wanprestasi dan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum", indonesiare.co.id., Diakses pada tanggal 31 Januari 2022, https://indonesiare.co.id/id/article/perbedaan-wanprestasi-dan-perbuatan-melawan-hukum
2. Civil Code
3. Op. Cit., indonesiare.co.id.
4. Ibid, Civil Code.
5. Op. Cit., indonesiare.co.id.
6. "Perbedaan Gugatan Wanprestasi dan Gugatan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum", lawyerjakarta.id., Diakses pada tanggal 31 Januari 2022, https://lawyerjakarta.id/perbedaan-gugatan-wanprestasi-dan-gugatan-perbuatan-melawan-hukum/#:~:text=Gugatan%20Perbuatan%20Melawan%20Hukum%20didasarkan,berlaku%20pada%20para%20pihak%20saja.
7. "Tulisan Hukum – Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dalam Hukum Perdata dan Pidana", bali.bpk.go.id., Diakses pada tanggal 31 Januari 2022, https://bali.bpk.go.id/perbuatan-melawan-hukum-dalam-hukum-perdata-dan-pidana/
8. Op. Cit., indonesiare.co.id.

Sabtu, 29 Januari 2022

Translated Personal Pleidoi of Nurdin Abdullah (Former Governor of South Sulawesi)

(viva.co.id)

By:
Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the Hukumindo.com platform discussed "Pleidoi Pribadi R. Arga Tirta Kirana Dalam Pusaran Kasus Bank Century", see also our article on "Examples of Personal Pleidoi (Karen Agustiawan)", and on this happy occasion we will discuss: 'Translated Personal Pleidoi of Nurdin Abdullah (Former Governor of South Sulawesi)'. The following is the pleidoi as intended:[1] 


Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,
Peace be upon you, and Allah's mercy and blessings.
Peace for us all,

Your Honorable Court of Justice,
Dear Public Prosecutor,
The Legal Advisory Team and Distinguished Guests, especially the People of South Sulawesi, whom I love and miss very much.

First of all, let us express our gratitude to the presence of ALLAH SWT, for his mercy and blessings we have all been given the opportunity to meet in good health and well-being. 'Shalawat' and greetings to our great prophet, Prophet of Muhammad SAW.

With the permission of the Honorable Panel of Judges, I would like to begin my defense or plea by briefly telling me about my career so far.

Our family history is six siblings, I am the eldest child. My late father was a T.N.I. soldier and my late mother was a housewife. I have a wife and 3 children and have 4 grand children.

After completing my master's and doctoral education at Kyushu University Japan in 1993, I started to build a business with my colleague from Japan, we built Sumekawa Industries which is engaged in the export of tuna to Japan. Sumekawa Industries is the forerunner to my good relationship with Japan until now, then I continued to develop other businesses with Japanese investors, we built PT. Tokai Material Indonesia which is currently known as PT. Maruki International Indonesia which has branches in Bali, Xiamen and Shanghai.

The beginning of my call to serve in Bantaeng occurred in 2002 when a group of Bantaeng community leaders came to my house in the lecturer's residence, they asked me to go home from abroad and build our hometown.

But at that time I had committed to a Japanese partner, to focus on developing our company PT. Maruki International Indonesia, with a total of 2000 employees and standing on an area of 6.9 hectares consisting of 8 factories in the Makassar Industrial Estate.

But it didn't stop there, 5 years later a larger group of people using trucks and pete-pete from Bantaeng came to the factory with the same goal, asking me to go home and build our hometown. At that time my heart was moved to visit after decades of not going to Bantaeng, I finally took my wife and children to Bantaeng which they initially refused because they were afraid that I would enter politics.

May I briefly explain, Your Honor,

The condition of Bantaeng at that time was included in the list of 99 underdeveloped areas in Indonesia. The problem of poverty and the problem of annual flooding which is getting more and more miserable for the community. Moreover, 90% of people's income comes from agriculture, so that floods and droughts during the dry season result in many people failing to harvest. In 2008, the hajj quota for Bantaeng was mostly utilized by pilgrims from other districts due to the lack of pilgrims from Bantaeng.

But in the first 5 years of leadership, we solved all these problems. In 2010 (2 years of leadership), Bantaeng left the underdeveloped area to become a developing district, then for the annual flood problem, we built the Balangsikuyu checkdam to control water discharge when it rains and drain water during the dry season, so that the problem of crop failure due to flooding and drought can be minimized.

Then the district government came up with various agricultural innovations in collaboration with the university so that agricultural output increased and economic growth from 4.7% (2007) to 7.3% (2009). We reduced the poverty rate from 61% in 2007, to 4.3% in 2016. In 2013, the Bantaeng people had already fulfilled the hajj quota, even with a waiting period of 20 years.

Your Honor, the Court of Justice,
Dear Public Prosecutor,
Legal Advisory Team and distinguished guests,

I am not a political person, but from the beginning I have been committed to serving the community. All my abilities, my networking with Japan, I put all of them in order to be useful for the community. One of them, we received a grant of hundreds of firefighters and ambulances from Ehime Japan.

This is not only for Bantaeng, but I also distributed it to several provinces in Indonesia for free. The ambulances we receive are of international standard so they can be used for minor on-site operations. With a sufficient number of fleets, we built the Disaster Preparedness Brigade, it was enough to call 113, within 15 minutes the ambulance had arrived at the location with medical personnel.

This reduces the very high maternal and child mortality rate in Bantaeng to 0 cases. The good relationship with Japan continues to the provincial government level, we still receive ambulance and firefighter grants and we even signed a sister province MoU with Ehime province to increase human resources.

In 1 year of leadership in Bantaeng, we managed to receive the first Adipura and even managed to maintain it 7 times in a row and this has succeeded in changing people's behavior to keep their area clean.

After completing 2 terms in Bantaeng, I plan to rest and return to the business world. However, the call to become a regional head again came from people in various parts of the district so that I could serve a larger area, namely the province of South Sulawesi. The community hopes that the development innovations that I do can be evenly distributed in a number of other districts, not only in Bantaeng. The election contestation took place, I and Andi Sudirman Sulaiman were elected as Governor and Deputy Governor with a winning percentage of 44.41% and we are committed to donating ourselves to the community.

Since the beginning of our leadership, we have collaborated with the KPK and the Prosecutor's Office to organize the assets of the Provincial Government, Thank God, almost 10 trillion has been saved. Even at the Governor's office, we have prepared a special room for the KPK, making it easier for coordination and transparency. We also streamline activities and programs in the provincial government, from a total of 2000 programs and 8000 activities, we streamline them to 200 programs and 400 activities. We do this so that the programs that are realized are more targeted and the benefits can be felt by the community for the long term.

Throughout the year I regularly go around visiting the area, and this has become my habit since becoming the Regent.

For me, apart from coordinating with OPDs, hearing and seeing firsthand what the community needs are very important. From visit after visit, I then maximized our services by continuing to boost infrastructure development through the provision of Regional Financial Assistance. As for several areas whose infrastructure has been completed through this assistance, including road infrastructure in West Sinjai, which since Indonesia's independence has never felt paved roads can now be enjoyed by the public, then zero point pedestrians in Bira, Matallo Enrekang river platform, and many more.

Another development that has also been enjoyed by the community is the opening of access to an isolated area in Seko which is famous for its most expensive motorcycle taxis because it takes 3 days to cover 126 km. Being an isolated area makes Seko look as an area that has no potential.

In fact, Seko is actually an area that can become a food buffer area, not only in South Sulawesi, but also nationally. The Seko isolation route that we opened can be used functionally, and shortens travel time to the provinces of West Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi, which can become the golden triangle area in Sulawesi.

We are also working hard to meet the needs of the island community. Currently, Ready-to-drink Water or Arsinum is available on several islands, even we and PLN are preparing to meet the island's electricity needs through the installation of submarine cables to the islands of Lae Lae and Gusung.

In addition, we are trying to maximize Toraja as one of the world's tourist destinations by building Buntu Kunik airport.

This is one of our strategies to attract local and foreign tourists to visit, and the most important thing is to increase Toraja's competitiveness so that it becomes a magnet for investors to invest in developing tourism in Toraja. This will not only have an impact on Toraja and its people, but I hope that these good conditions can be transmitted to other districts.

Entering the beginning of the pandemic, we collaborated with hotels in Makassar as a place for self-isolation for the community, not only from Makassar City, but also from other districts.

We feel that the handling of this pandemic must use a persuasive approach to the community so that they can understand well how to handle and prevent the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. While thinking about handling the covid pandemic, especially for those who are infected, I also invite business people to participate hand in hand through this pandemic. Catering businesses were also organized to fulfill nutrition for the participants in self-isolation.

We call this program, "covid ambassador tourism", this program also helps to maximize the availability of treatment rooms in hospitals, so that patients who are comorbid and need medical treatment can be handled optimally and on target. One thing that I am grateful for from the hard work of me and the team is that apart from being able to reduce the death rate due to the pandemic in South Sulawesi, our program has also received WHO recognition and was adopted by the central government. I am aware that as a regional head and part of the regional government, our job is to serve and protect the community, so we embrace the community with other conveniences, one of which is by providing free antigen swab facilities to facilitate tracing.

Your Honor, the Court of Justice,
Dear Public Prosecutor,
Legal Advisory Team and distinguished guests,

I can say that I'm done with myself, what I built from the start with my company, is more than enough to enjoy old age with my wife. The children are already independent with their own efforts. What I am doing right now Lillahi Ta'ala is my service to the country and society. Even so, I actually got extraordinary experience when I was a regional head when I served for the country.

If in the past I was only involved in a company with thousands of employees, now I am involved for a larger number of people, with greater responsibility, and that is in my own homeland.

Building South Sulawesi certainly requires the synergy of people who have integrity, the same vision and a system that minimizes the potential for harm to various parties. I deeply regret what my subordinates, Sari Pudjiastuti and Eddy Rahmat did. I did not expect that my years of trust were abused by them. However, through this trial, all the testimonies of the witnesses opened my eyes that the system in the South Sulawesi provincial government still needs improvement.

Your Honor, Chair and Members of the Panel of Judges, Public Prosecutor, Legal Advisors and distinguished guests,

Islam teaches to give charity in secret so that the left hand does not know what the right hand is giving. However, since this is related to my defense, then I must explain. Helping in the construction of mosques was a habit of mine even before I became a regent. Before building a factory in KIMA, the first thing I built was a mosque for the community and employees. We even helped build the mosque around the factory in the cotton area. Even before I was elected regent of Bantaeng, the first thing I built in Bantaeng was a mosque.

I am a layman regarding the science of law. If building a mosque is wrong then I am ready to be punished. But if not, please don't stop my steps here to build South Sulawesi. Allow me to help more people in need. There are still many isolated areas that need road access, many of our people on the island have not been touched with clean water and electricity. Allow me to complete my promises to society, so that I don't have to worry about my accountability in the afterlife.

And we can pass on better development to future generations.

I still have many dreams and hopes for the development of South Sulawesi in the future. I hope that South Sulawesi, as the entrance to the Eastern Indonesia region, is seen as equal to a number of other provinces that are more advanced. One of my dreams is to hear the screams and applause of football fans again, accompanied by the sparkling lights of the magnificent building of our common stadium, the Mattoangin Stadium. I don't think it's an exaggeration if we appreciate the sportsmanship of the community, by building the Mattoangin Stadium to FIFA standards.

The stadium has now been handed over to the provincial government and has been razed to the ground without construction for a year. Let me finish the construction so that South Sulawesi will have a stadium that will become the pride of the people.

Your Honor, the Court of Justice,
Dear Public Prosecutor,
Legal Advisory Team and distinguished guests,

The prosecution of the Public Prosecutor with imprisonment for 6 years with additional criminal charges is very heavy for me, but I appreciate the entire legal process that I am currently undergoing, including the parties involved in it.

I also appreciate all the decisions that are the basis for starting and ending this legal process, as a test to shape me into a better person and Inshaa Allah, a better leader. Therefore, I ask Your Honor, the Panel of Judges as the last door to guard justice, please release me from all charges and demands of the Public Prosecutor. Allow me, again to carry out the community's mandate to continue the development of South Sulawesi.

Before I end this pleidoi, I would like to thank you for the prayers and support from the people of South Sulawesi for me and my family. The community's attention to us was so great, from the support through social media to holding joint dzikir, which really strengthened us through this ordeal. I hope it's not too much if I ask for prayer once again, so that we can again walk hand in hand together to build a better South Sulawesi.

Thus, we convey this pledooi, may Your Honor, the Panel of Judges who examine and hear this case, be given strength by Allah SWT and can grant our request.
_________________

If you are suspected of being involved in a corruption case and need assistance, please contact our law office, feel free in 24 hours, and we will assist you soon.

*) For further information please contact us:
Mahmud Kusuma Advocate
Law Office
Jakarta - Indonesia.
E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com
_________________
Reference:

1. “Lengkap! Teks Pledoi Nurdin Abdullah Bikin Merinding: Izinkan Saya Kembali Lanjutkan Amanah Rakyat", www.makassar.tribunnews.com., Diakses pada tanggal 22 Januari 2022, https://makassar.tribunnews.com/2021/11/24/lengkap-teks-pledoi-nurdin-abdullah-bikin-merinding-izinkan-saya-kembali-lanjutkan-amanah-rakyat?page=2

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