Allegedly a Victim of Investment Fraud PT. Rifan, Customers Lose Nearly IDR. 2 Billion

 

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Banking Crime Mode Appears Again in Indonesia", "How To Report Online Scammer Or Fraud To The Police In Indonesia", you may read also "How to Open a Police Report in Indonesia?" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Allegedly a Victim of Investment Fraud PT. Rifan, Customers Lose Nearly IDR. 2 Billion'.

A person named Daniel claimed to be a victim of suspected commodity futures trading investment fraud. Daniel admitted that he suffered a loss of nearly IDR. 2 billion because of the investment. Daniel said he had opened several accounts at PT. Rifan Financindo Berjangka. On October 14 2021, he opened a RAPW 5913 account at Axa Tower and on October 18 2021 he opened a new RAPW 5921 account at the same place. Daniel is directed by the analyst every transaction. Previously, he received information that the price would definitely rise at the opening of the market.[1]

On October 29, 2021, he also contacted analysts, but received no response. "Finally I took the initiative to buy 3 lots," he told detikcom, Friday (2/6/2023). At noon, he was contacted by his superior analyst, to take another 2 lots again. In fact, he already took 3 lots. "I'm layman in futures trading, I took 2 lots," he said. However, he received information, prices fell because the United States (US) dollar strengthened. Finally, he was exposed to auto liquidation and he was asked to top up. However, because he didn't have the funds to top up, it was finally clear by the system. He said auto liquidation occurred because prices did not meet expectations. He said, if the price does not meet expectations then there are two choices, namely cut loss or holding it at the risk of hospitalization costs.[2]

"If we bear an overnight fee of US$ 5 per day per 1 lot. So if for example there are 10 lots held, there will be an overnight fee of US$ 5 per 1 lot per day. This will automatically eat into the resilience of existing funds. So, when Later there will be a minimum capital or fund resilience, so we have to add new funds to be able to make transactions again," he explained. "Yesterday my account was locked, I can't make transactions, I have to top up, I'm not always ready to top up, at least Rp. 100 million top up. If later the resistance of the funds runs out, it's automatically cleared by the system, it's gone," he continued. He suspected that there was an intention to trick customers into being subject to auto liquidation. "There is an allegation that marketing is rogue on purpose to trap customers so they get auto liquidation and do top-ups," he said.[3]

Next, on December 22, 2021, he met again with marketing PT Rifan Financindo Berjangka at the DBS Tower. The marketing said, it can recover customer accounts that have lost elsewhere. He also opened an RDNI 2814 account. On February 14, 2022 he opened me again RDNI 2863 plus the lure of a Toyota Fortuner car if the transaction reached 5,500 lots in 12 months. "You say there is a program to get a Fortuner car with a total lot of 5,500. Within 12 months I can get a Fortuner car plus transaction profits," he said. Long story short, the money he disbursed was fruitless. In fact, he also made several top ups and the money went nowhere.[4]

Previously reported, in 2022 the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency (Bappebti) froze the business activities of PT. Rifan Financindo Futures Brokerage. This was stated in the Decree of the Head of CoFTRA Number 01 of 2022. In the official statement from CoFTRA, it was stated that the suspension of this activity was because PT. Rifan Financindo Berjangka was deemed not to have made improvements to the administrative sanctions given. CoFTRA has issued three written warnings. "Based on the results of Bappebti's examination, PT. Rifan Financindo Berjangka is in the process of accepting customers and the process of carrying out transactions that are not in accordance with procedures," wrote the statement quoted on Tuesday (8/3/2022).[5] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us then, feel free in 24 hour, we will be happy to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Diduga Jadi Korban Penipuan Investasi PT Rifan, Nasabah Rugi Hampir Rp 2 M", finance.detik.com., Diakses pada tanggal 4 Juni 2023, Link: https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-6751917/diduga-jadi-korban-penipuan-investasi-pt-rifan-nasabah-rugi-hampir-rp-2-m

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

Banking Crime Mode Appears Again in Indonesia

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "This Rich Socialite Must Give IDR. 119 Billion in Benefits to Her Ex-Husband as a Consequences of Divorce", "5 Latest Online Fraud Modes and Their Characteristics", you may read also "How To Report Online Scammer Or Fraud To The Police In Indonesia" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Banking Crime Mode Appears Again in Indonesia'.

The mode of banking crime continues to grow every day. As happened at PT. Bank Tabungan Negara Tbk. (BTN), the perpetrators have now been arrested and dismantled by the bank and Polda (Regional Police) Metro Jaya. Bank BTN Corporate Secretary Ramon Armando said the company had reported the case to Polda Metro Jaya since February 6, 2023. Apart from that, Bank BTN had also asked to block funds at 3 (three) banks suspected of being related to suspicious transactions. "We have zero tolerance for activities that are suspected of being suspicious transactions, even the insiders involved have been terminated," said Ramon in a statement written Friday (2/6/2023).[1]

According to Ramon, based on Bank BTN's report, Polda Metro Jaya moved quickly to investigate the case. On April 14, 2023, the Sub Directorate of Harda Ditreskrimum Polda Metro Jaya has determined the status of the two individuals as suspects and after going through a search process, on Wednesday, May 31, 2023 the ASW suspect was arrested by investigators for further investigation and development. "Bank BTN would like to thank Polda Metro Jaya, Polda North Sulawesi and Polresta Manado for working hard in searching for and arresting the perpetrators. Hopefully this will be the start of successful disclosure of the banking crime mafia in Indonesia," said Ramon.[2]

It is known that the modus operandi of banking crimes involved a number of fund owners who cooperated with ASW to place funds in banks with the promise of getting an interest rate of 10% each month. This interest rate has never existed in banking, especially Bank BTN. The account opening process is also not in accordance with bank regulations. "The owners of the funds also never came to the bank to open an account and never had a passbook or ATM card. They have received interest payments from ASW several times, but then the payments were not smooth and stopped," explained Ramon. Ramon explained, Bank BTN guarantees the security of all customer transactions by implementing Prudential Banking and Good Corporate Governance in accordance with statutory regulations. "We are committed to taking firm action against any violation of the law and will not protect any party, including in this case bank employees who have been proven to have violated the law," he explained.[3]

Ramon further appealed to the public not to be tempted by high interest offers and not in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Deposit Insurance Corporation (LPS). "The public must be aware that if there is an offer with high and out-of-the-ordinary interest, there must be something wrong with the offer. Don't because of the high interest, people become dark-eyed and irrational," he added.[4] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us then, feel free in 24 hour, we will be happy to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Hati-hati! Modus Kejahatan Perbankan Muncul Lagi Nih", finance.detik.com., Diakses pada tanggal 4 Juni 2023, Link: https://finance.detik.com/moneter/d-6752123/hati-hati-modus-kejahatan-perbankan-muncul-lagi-nih

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

This Rich Socialite Must Give IDR. 119 Billion in Benefits to Her Ex-Husband as a Consequences of Divorce

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Direksi Sebagai Agen Perusahaan", "10 Mega-Corruption Cases with the Largest Losses in Indonesia", you may read also "How to submit a divorce lawsuit in Indonesia" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'This rich socialite must give IDR. 119 billion in benefits to her ex-husband as a Consequences of divorce'.

Divorce benefits are usually given by the husband to his ex-wife. However, the situation could be different if the ex-wife has a larger income. A businesswoman Louise Backstrom with assets of IDR. 4.6 trillion was involved in a dispute with her ex-husband Martin Wennberg when they divorced. Martin wants £40 million worth of money from his ex-wife who is also known as a socialite from Sweden but lives in London. But High Court Deputy Judge in London Leslie Samuels fought back and downplayed the value of his demands. The court then ruled that Louise should provide £6.5 million in alimony or around IDR.119 billion to her ex-husband in accordance with the pre-nuptial agreement.[1]

Not only did Martin get the billions, but he was also entitled to an allowance of £60,000, IDR. 1.1 billion annually for the next six years. Judge Samuels, who oversaw the trial in the Family Division of the High Court of the Royal Court, outlined his conclusions in a written decision declaring that the grades were right to go to Louise's ex-husband.[2]

"In any view, the standard of living enjoyed by this family prior to the breakdown of the marriage was extremely high," Judge Samuels said, as quoted by the Mirror. "The parties enjoy the provision of great value London property, staff, high end holidays, unlimited travel options and overall the very best that can be provided," the judge added.[3] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us then, feel free in 24 hour, we will be happy to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Cerai, Sosialita Tajir Ini Harus Berikan Tunjangan ke Eks Suami Rp 119 Miliar",  wolipop.detik.com., Diakses pada tanggal 4 Juni 2023, Link: https://wolipop.detik.com/wedding-news/d-6750994/cerai-sosialita-tajir-ini-harus-berikan-tunjangan-ke-eks-suami-rp-119-miliar

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

Direksi Sebagai Agen Perusahaan

 

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Oleh:

Tim Hukumindo

Pada kesempatan yang lalu platform www.hukumindo.com telah membahas mengenai "Direksi Sebagai Pengurus Perseroan", "Who's Legally Represents The Company In Indonesia?" dan "Tanggung Jawab Hukum Pemegang Saham", pada perkuliahan ini akan dibahas mengenai 'Direksi Sebagai Agen Perusahaan'.

Secara umum, direksi merupakan agen dari perseroan, Undang-undang No. 40 Tahun 2007 menyebutkan demikian dalam Pasal 1 butir 4 Jo. Pasal 82. Direksi merupakan organ perseroan yang bertanggungjawab penuh atas pengurusan perseroan untuk kepentingan dan tujuan perseroan, serta mewakili perseroan baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan sesuai dengan ketentuan anggaran dasar. Kepengurusan perseroan dilakukan oleh Direksi (Pasal 79 ayat 1), yang antara lain meliputi pengurusan sehari-hari dari perseroan.[1]

Ketentuan bahwa direksi sebagai agen dari perseroan ini sejalan dengan yang berlaku dalam sistem hukum common law bahwa the directors are the company's usual agent. Selain direksi, karyawan (officer) atau orang lain juga dapat mewakili perseroan (agent). Sehubungan dengan itu, undang-undang membatasi dengan ketentuan bahwa karyawan dapat mewakili perseroan dengan dibuatkannya kuasa tertulis dari direksi kepada satu orang karyawan perseroan atau lebih atau orang lain untuk dan atas nama perseroan melakukan perbuatan hukum tertentu. Dalam hal ini, direksi bertindak selaku pimpinan dari karyawan atau orang lain yang diberi kuasa.[2]

Sehubungan dengan ketentuan-ketentuan yang mengatur direksi sebagai agen perseroan, Undang-undang No.: 40 Tahun 2007 tidak mengaturnya lebih lanjut. Secara umum, kewenangan direksi untuk memberikan kuasa atau mewakilkan tugasnya tersebut diatur didalam anggaran dasar perseroan, seperti pemberian kuasa untuk tugas-tugas mengenai pengangkatan dan pemberhentian pegawai, pemberian penghargaan, atau pengenaan sanksi.[3] 

____________________

References:

1. "Tanggung Jawab Pemegang Saham, Direksi & Komisaris Perseroan Terbatas (PT)", Frans Satrio Wicaksono, S.H., Visimedia, Jakarta, 2009, Hal.: 121.

2. Ibid., Hal.: 121.

3. Ibid., Hal.: 121.

Direksi Sebagai Pengurus Perseroan

 

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Oleh:

Tim Hukumindo

Pada kesempatan yang lalu platform www.hukumindo.com telah membahas mengenai "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemegang Saham Minoritas", "Contoh Akta Gadai Saham" dan "Tanggung Jawab Hukum Pemegang Saham", pada perkuliahan kali ini akan dibahas mengenai 'Direksi Sebagai Pengurus Perseroan'.

Direksi sebagai pengurus perseroan adalah salah satu tanggung jawab hukum dalam sebuah perseroan. Tentunya ada tanggung jawab lain dalam sebuah organ perseroan, namun dalam kesempatan ini akan dibahas perihal judul di atas.

Direksi dituntut untuk bertanggung jawab penuh atas pengurusan perseroan untuk kepentingan dan tujuan perseroan, serta mewakili perseroan, baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan. Direksi dengan itikad baik dan penuh tanggung jawab harus menjalankan tugas untuk kepentingan dan usaha perseroan.[1] Perlu dipertegas bahwa direksi dalam menjalankan kepentingan perseroan harus dengan itikad baik (good will) dan penuh tanggung jawab.

Direksi dapat digugat secara pribadi ke Pengadilan Negeri jika perseroan mengalami kerugian yang disebabkan oleh kesalahan dan kelalaiannya. Begitu juga dalam hal kepailitan yang terjadi karena kesalahan atau kelalaian direksi dan kekayaan perseroan tidak cukup untuk menutup kerugian akibat kepaititan tersebut, maka setiap anggota direksi bertanggung jawab secara tanggung renteng atas kerugian tersebut.[2]

Prinsip-prinsip menejemen perseroan yang baik, yang telah diakomodasi dalam ketentuan Undang-undang No. 40 Tahun 2007 masih harus dijabarkan secara detail dan dilaksanakan dengan penuh tanggung jawab. Ketentuan dalam undang-undang tersebut hanya menjelaskan tanggung jawab direksi secara umum berdasarkan hubungan kepercayaan (Fiduciary of Relationship) antara direksi dan perseroan. Jika diperjelas lebih dalam, Fiduciary of Relationship tersebut mengandung tiga faktor penting, yaitu:[3]

1. Prinsip kehati-hatian dalam bertindak bagi direksi (duty of skill and care).
2. Prinsip itikad baik untuk bertindak semata-mata demi kepentingan dan tanggung jawab perseroan (duty of loyalty), dan
3. Prinsip tidak mengambil keuntungan pribadi atas suatu kesempatan yang sebenarnya milik atau diperuntukan bagi perseroan (no secret profit rule doctrine of corporate opportunity).

Untuk menentukan kapan dan bagaimana direksi dianggap telah melanggar prinsip-prinsip tersebut secara detail, merupakan hal yang sulit jika hanya dicari dari undang-undang. Atas prinsip tersebut di atas, direksi dapat menggunakan konsep yang dikenal sebagai "the business judgement rule", yang merupakan suatu prinsip yang memberikan perlindungan bagi direksi atas dakwaan pelanggaran terhadap ketiga prinsip di atas. Dengan menggunakan prinsip ini, direksi dapat dibebaskan dari tanggung jawab secara pribadi sekalipun tindakannya mengakibatkan kerugian pada perseroan, baik karena salah perhitungan maupun hal lain di luar kemampuan yang menyebabkan kegagalan dari tindakan tersebut, asalkan tindakan yang diambilnya tersebut dilakukan sebagai keputusan bisnis yang dibuat berdasarkan itikad baik semata-mata untuk kepentingan perseroan.[4]

Direktur dalam membuat keputusan bisnis dianggap beritikad baik jika bukan merupakan pihak yang terlibat dalam subjek yang memerlukan keputusan bisnisnya tersebut, menerima informasi dengan cermat atas subjek yang memerlukan keputusan bisnisnya sampai secara rasional yakin sesuai dengan keadaannya, dan secara rasional yakin bahwa keputusan bisnisnya adalah keputusan yang terbaik bagi perseroan.[5]

____________________

References:

1. "Tanggung Jawab Pemegang Saham, Direksi & Komisaris Perseroan Terbatas (PT)", Frans Satrio Wicaksono, S.H., Visimedia, Jakarta, 2009, Hal.: 119.

2. Ibid., Hal.: 119.

3. Ibid., Hal.: 119-120.

4. Ibid., Hal.: 120.

5. Ibid., Hal.: 120.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemegang Saham Minoritas

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Oleh:

Tim Hukumindo

Pada kesempatan yang lalu platform www.hukumindo.com telah membahas mengenai "The Police Succeeded in Uncovering The Mode of the Wowon Cs. Murder Case Which Ended up Being a Serial Killer", "Tanggung Jawab Hukum Pemegang Saham" dan "Contoh Akta Pendirian Perseroan Terbatas (PT)", pada perkuliahan kali ini akan dibahas mengenai 'Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemegang Saham Minoritas'.

Kepentingan pemegang saham minoritas mendapatkan perhatian dalam Undang-undang Perseroan Terbatas. Pasal 62 menyebutkan bahwa setiap pemegang saham berhak meminta perseroan untuk membeli sahamnya dengan harga wajar jika tidak menyetujui tindakan direksi perseroan yang dinilainya merugikan pemegang saham atau perseroan.[1] Hal ini berarti setiap pemegang saham dapat  meminta perseroan agar membeli sahamnya (saham minoritas) dengan harga yang wajar.

Jika tindakan direksi berdasarkan arahan atau kebijakan yang diputuskan dalam RUPS yang didukung oleh pemegang saham mayoritas, Pasal 97 ayat 6 Undang-undang No. 40 Tahun 2007 mencantumkan adanya hak pemegang saham atas 10% atau lebih dari total keseluruhan saham untuk menggugat atas nama perseroan dengan biaya perseroan (derivative action) kepada dan dari perseroan untuk menggugat anggota direksi.[2]

Sebagai salah satu bentuk perlindungan hukum yang diberikan oleh undang-undang kepada para pemegang saham, para pemegang saham perseroan tersebut, baik pemegang saham publik dari suatu perseroan yang telah mendaftarkan sahamnya di bursa efek maupun pemegang saham dari perseroan yang tidak terdaftar sahamnya di bursa efek, yang mewakili paling sedikit 1/10 bagian dari jumlah seluruh saham dengan hak suara yang sah dapat mengajukan gugatan ke Pengadilan Negeri terhadap anggota direksi yang karena kesalahan atau kelalaiannya menimbulkan kerugian kepada perseroan.[3] Perlindungan hukumnya dalam hal ini adalah berupa hak untuk menggugat secara perdata ke Pengadilan Negeri terkait.

Ketentuan yang serupa berlaku juga terhadap komisaris sebagaimana ditentukan dalam undang-undang tersebut. Pihak lain yang dapat mengajukan gugatan adalah kreditor, karyawan, atau pihak-pihak lain yang dirugikan sebagai akibat kesalahan anggota direksi atau komisaris.[4] 

____________________

References:

1. "Tanggung Jawab Pemegang Saham, Direksi & Komisaris Perseroan Terbatas (PT)", Frans Satrio Wicaksono, S.H., Visimedia, Jakarta, 2009, Hal.: 116.

2. Ibid. Hal.: 116.

3. Ibid. Hal.: 116.

4. Ibid. Hal.: 116.

The Police Succeeded in Uncovering The Mode of the Wowon Cs. Murder Case Which Ended up Being a Serial Killer

 

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Be Careful Using AI, You Will be in Trouble for Citing Non-existent Jurisprudence", "The Mystery of the 7-Year Death of Akseyna, University of Indonesia Student", you may read also "The Murder Case of Anjani Bee, which is Still a Mystery" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'The police succeeded in uncovering the mode of the Wowon Cs murder case which ended up being a serial killer'.

The Police succeeded in uncovering the mode of the serial killer case by Wowon Erawan (60) and friends. Wowon cs.apparently immediately executed the victims when they were asked for the results of 'doubling the money'. Polda Metro Jaya Dirkrimum Kombes Hengki Haryadi explained that the perpetrators collected funds from the victims with the lure of doubling the money. Some of the victims were migrant workers who had sent money. They were hysterical when they found out that Wowon cs. were in fact the suspects in the serial killings in Bekasi and Cianjur.[1]

The police are still investigating migrant workers who have made money transfer transactions with Wowon. There are TKW (migrant workers) who have sent money to Wowon since several years ago. For information, the suspect Wowon assisted Solihin alias Duloh (63) and Dede Sholehudin alias Dede (34) in carrying out his actions. Dede's job is to collect funds from the migrant workers. Meanwhile, Duloh is a shaman who claims to be able to multiply money. The TKW dared to transfer the money because they were promised that when they returned to Indonesia, they would get a nice house and double the money. The police found funds of up to IDR 1 billion from Dede's account. Dede allegedly collected funds from the victim because the ATM was owned by Wowon. The funds were transferred to an account in the name of Dede Sholehudin. Dede was originally a victim, then he became a suspect in this case.[2]

Not only from the TKW (migrant workers), the total number of victims who were killed, namely 9 people, were still related to Wowon's family. The victims were killed by being given poisoned coffee, strangled, and so on. The victims killed in Bekasi were Ai Maemunah (40), Wowon's wife. Then there are Ridwan and Riswandi who are the children of Ai Maemunah and her ex-husband Didin. Furthermore, the victim who was killed in Cianjur was Noneng, Wowon's father-in-law. Then Wiwin, who is Wowon's first wife and stepdaughter. Plus Bayu as the son of Ai Maemunah and Wowon.[3]

Not only that, Farida, a migrant worker, and Halimah, the wife of 'Siri' Wowon, the mother of Ai Maemunah, were also killed in Bekasi. Furthermore, the victim who was killed and buried in Surabaya was Siti as a migrant worker by being thrown into the sea. It is also known that Siti, a migrant worker, ordered her mother-in-law, Noneng, to push Siti into the sea. Siti and Farida are suspected to be the first victims of the series of killings. Residents of Siti's body were found and buried in Garut.[4] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us then, feel free in 24 hour, we will be happy to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Polisi berhasil mengungkap modus kasus pembunuhan Wowon Cs yang Berakhir Jadi Serial Killer", reskrimum.metro.polri.go.id., Diakses pada tanggal 28 Mei 2023, Link: https://reskrimum.metro.polri.go.id/2023/01/22/polisi-berhasil-mengungkap-modus-kasus-pembunuhan-wowon-cs-yang-berakhir-jadi-serial-killer/

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

Be Careful Using AI, You Will be in Trouble for Citing Non-existent Jurisprudence

 

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "45 Indonesian Citizens Become Victims of Scammer Companies in Laos", "5 Most Bizarre Court Cases in US History", you may read also "5 Interesting Cases that Become the Jurisprudence of the Supreme Court in Indonesia" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Be Careful Using AI, You Will be in Trouble for Citing Non-existent Jurisprudence'.

Lawyer Steven Schwartz of Levidow, Levidow & Oberman has been practicing law for three decades. Now, one case can completely derail his entire career. Why? He relied on ChatGPT in his legal filings and the AI chatbot completely manufactured previous cases, which Schwartz cited, out of thin air.[1]

It all starts with the case in question, Mata v. Avianca. According to the New York Times, an Avianca customer named Roberto Mata was suing the airline after a serving cart injured his knee during a flight. Avianca attempted to get a judge to dismiss the case. In response, Mata's lawyers objected and submitted a brief filled with a slew of similar court decisions in the past. And that's where ChatGPT came in. Schwartz, Mata's lawyer who filed the case in state court and then provided legal research once it was transferred to Manhattan federal court, said he used OpenAI's popular chatbot in order to "supplement" his own findings.[2]

ChatGPT provided Schwartz with multiple names of similar cases: Varghese v. China Southern Airlines, Shaboon v. Egyptair, Petersen v. Iran Air, Martinez v. Delta Airlines, Estate of Durden v. KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, and Miller v. United Airlines. The problem? ChatGPT completely made up all those cases. They do not exist.[3]

Avianca's legal team and the judge assigned to this case soon realized they could not locate any of these court decisions. This led to Schwartz explaining what happened in an affidavit on Thursday. The lawyer had referred to ChatGPT for help with his filing. According to Schwartz, he was "unaware of the possibility that its content could be false.” The lawyer even provided screenshots to the judge of his interactions with ChatGPT, asking the AI chatbot if one of the cases were real. ChatGPT responded that it was. It even confirmed that the cases could be found in "reputable legal databases." Again, none of them could be found because the cases were all created by the chatbot.[4]

It's important to note that ChatGPT, like all AI chatbots, is a language model trained to follow instructions and provide a user with a response to their prompt. That means, if a user asks ChatGPT for information, it could give that user exactly what they're looking for, even if it's not factual. The judge has ordered a hearing next month to "discuss potential sanctions" for Schwartz in response to this “unprecedented circumstance." That circumstance again being a lawyer filing a legal brief using fake court decisions and citations provided to him by ChatGPT.[5] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us then, feel free in 24 hour, we will be happy to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "A lawyer used ChatGPT for legal filing. The chatbot cited nonexistent cases it just made up", www.aol.com., Diakses pada tanggal 28 Mei 2023, Link: https://www.aol.com/lawyer-used-chatgpt-legal-filing-195434452.html

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.